The saudi arabian oil company aramco has discussed plans to build a crudetoolefins complex. Refinery crude oil distillation process complete full hd duration. In general, shorter chain hydrocarbons are more useful than longer chains. Liquid paraffin a mixture of alkanes of chain length c20 and greater is vaporised and passed over a hot pumice stone catalyst. Part of the hydrocarbon crude oil topic at science chemistry gcse. Schematic diagram of a fluid catalytic cracking unit. How will the oil price crash affect the ethylene cost.
The term cracking comes from the process of breaking up long hydrocarbon. For a lot more videos, worksheets, problem sessions and 3d models on chemistry check out epistemeo. While they succeeded in providing a small increase in gasoline yields, it was the commercialization of the fluid catalytic cracking. Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel. Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts. Despite the dangers, oil refineries are essential to society in its current form. As part of their work on crude oil, gcse chemistry students will look at thermal cracking. The use of thermal cracking units to convert gas oils into naphtha dates from before 1920. Cracking practical gcse chemistry crude oil youtube. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. Crude oil is useless until we separate this mixture using fractional distillation. Pdf modeling of thermal cracking process in a crude oil.
This may be carried out with catalyst and equipment similar to that of catalytic cracking, but at a temperature range between that of. It takes heavy oil and cracks it into gasoline and. The resulting fractions have different uses depending on their properties, and some fractions are more useful than others. Two methods of cracking how to write a balanced equation for cracking what an alkene is, and how they differ from an alkane the test for alkenes the. Gcse crude oil revise the thermal cracking reaction. The cracking products, such as ethene, propene, buta1,3diene and c 4 alkenes, are used to make many important chemicals. The direct cracking of crude oil is an interesting option for producing cheaply large amounts of petrochemicals. These units produced small quantities of unstable naphthas and large amounts of byproduct coke. The oil price saw its biggest fall in 30 years earlier this month.
Making crude oil useful fractional distillation and cracking. Learn complete crude oil refining process from distillation to cracking. This is a chemical reaction in which heat breaks down long chain molecules into smaller ones. Ethylene holds a prestige position in the petrochemicals world. Free radicals reactive species with unpaired electrons, but no electronic charge are the active species that govern thermal cracking reactions. Crude oil cracking reforming and isomerisation youtube. A look at the three processes used by the petrochemical industry to get the most from crude oil fractions. Chemical processing how oil refining works howstuffworks. Sabic is another company that has looked into direct crudetoolefins. A process known as cracking breaks down the longer crude oil hydrocarbon chains into smaller components.
Before watching this video you should watch our video explaining how crude oil is separated into its different length hydrocarbon fractions. Thermal cracking produces shorter straight chain alkanes from longer straight chains found in gas oils or other crude oil fractions. Learn how crude oil is converted into everything from butane to gasoline. A gaseous product is obtained which is flammable and which will. The majority of the use we get out of crude oil is as fuel. Learn the basics about the cracking of hydrocarbons and why it is done. Cracking can be done with high temperatures or with the use of a catalyst. Two methods of cracking how to write a balanced equation for cracking what an alkene is, and how they differ.
To the uninitiated, oil cooking means the refining of crude oil through improvised means, a. An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum n. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. Making crude oil usefulfractional distillation and cracking. Thermal cracking of crude oil involves heating the heavier distillates like asphalt to temperatures over 800 degrees celsius, which breaks down the hydrocarbon chains. This dramatic drop could have significant nearterm and longerterm repercussions for global petrochemicals. Petroleum refining petroleum refining catalytic cracking. How is crude oil transformed into everyday usable products.
The cracked products represent the product slates obtained from the commercial eureka process, namely, the offgases cracking of hydrocarbons and why it is done. Improved product yield, product quality, product stability andor lower energy use have not simultaneously been demonstrated in the literature. See how crude oil is converted in useful different fractions and how long. In this report we examine some of the technologies required to support the direct production of olefins from crude oil. Treating and blending the fractions how oil refining.
Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. Used in the oil and gas industry to refer to a variety of methods whereby a larger product is broken down into smaller byproducts. Learn the basics about the uses of crude oil fractions. More power to you how oil is drilled, transported and refined to gasoline. Reducing the capital investment cost for cracking oil. Others such as branched and cyclic alkanes are added to the gasoline fraction obtained from the distillation of crude oil to enhance the octane rating. Cracking is conducted at high temperatures, by two processes. Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons. What business pays between n500,000 and n1million per night.
1209 178 1455 126 1254 550 1077 203 376 261 1228 1067 315 313 46 555 93 501 977 448 1171 267 298 1231 1487 771 1030 1390 685 1260 1094 418